Nutrition protocols for illness

Science-Based Dietary Guidelines to Support Health

Products for illness

Select a disease - we will show products from permitted categories (according to nutrition protocols).

About nutrition protocols

Proper nutrition plays a key role in managing many chronic diseases. Therapeutic (clinical) nutrition protocols are scientifically based diet therapy regimens that are used in combination with drug treatment to improve performance and reduce the risk of complications.

The protocols are based on WHO recommendations, national clinical guidelines (including the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation) and evidence-based medicine. Below are condensed guidelines for the main conditions; An individual plan should be drawn up by a doctor or nutritionist, taking into account tests and concomitant diseases.

General principles of therapeutic nutrition

  • Regime: regular meals, without long periods of hunger
  • Gentle culinary treatment for gastrointestinal diseases (cooking, steaming, baking)
  • Limiting salt, sugar and industrial additives as indicated
  • Sufficient drinking regime (if there are no restrictions due to illness)
  • Portion and calorie control if you are overweight
Important:This information is for informational purposes only. Before changing your diet, be sure to consult with your doctor or nutritionist.

Diabetes mellitus

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Protocol Goals

  • Target level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) - as prescribed by the doctor, usually <7%
  • Stable glycemia: avoid sudden spikes in sugar after meals
  • Normalization of body weight with excess weight

Recommended

  • Low glycemic index foods: vegetables, legumes, whole grains
  • Lean proteins: chicken, fish, turkey, tofu
  • Healthy fats: avocados, nuts, olive oil
  • Fiber: oatmeal, broccoli, peeled apples
  • Fractional meals 4-6 times a day in small portions

Limit or exclude

  • Simple carbohydrates: white bread, sweets, soda
  • Fatty meat, sausages, semi-finished products
  • Trans fats and high amounts of saturated fat
  • Alcohol, especially sweet liqueurs

Diet

Small meals 5-6 times a day, distribute carbohydrates evenly. Accounting for bread units (XE) or carbohydrates during insulin therapy. Measuring glucose before and after meals according to the schedule prescribed by your doctor.

Hypertension (high blood pressure)

DASH Diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) доказала эффективность в снижении артериального давления And поддержании здоровья сердца. Дополнительно ограничивают натрий And увеличивают долю калия, магния And клетчатки. example dish from the catalog: Spaghetti with Spinach and Pine Nut Pesto. See also diet reviewAndpersonal preferences in profile.

Protocol Goals

  • Target blood pressure - as recommended by a cardiologist (often <140/90 mmHg)
  • Reduce sodium intake to 2–2.4 g/day (5–6 g salt)
  • Maintaining a normal weight and quitting smoking

Recommended

  • Vegetables and fruits: sources of potassium, magnesium and fiber
  • Whole grains: buckwheat, brown rice, oatmeal
  • Low-fat dairy products
  • Foods rich in potassium: bananas, spinach, potatoes
  • Limit salt to 5g per day (1 teaspoon)

Limit or exclude

  • Salt and salty products: canned food, pickles, chips
  • Smoked meats and sausages
  • Caffeine in large quantities
  • Alcohol

Diet

3 main meals + 1–2 light snacks. Daily: 4-5 servings of vegetables/fruits, 6-8 servings of grains (preferably whole), 2-3 servings of low-fat dairy products, limiting red meat and sweets.

Gastritis and peptic ulcer

Nutrition is aimed at reducing irritation of the gastric mucosa, stimulating healing and preventing exacerbations. For Helicobacter pylori infection, drug treatment is mandatory; diet is a supplement.

Protocol Goals

  • Reducing pain and heartburn, accelerating the healing of erosions/ulcers
  • Elimination of factors that increase acidity and irritation
  • Eating regularly without overeating

Recommended

  • Boiled, baked, steamed dishes
  • Slimy cereals: oatmeal, rice
  • Minced lean meat and fish
  • Kissels, non-acidic compotes
  • Warm food (not hot or cold)

Limit or exclude

  • Spicy, fried, fatty foods
  • Acidic foods: citrus fruits, tomatoes, vinegar
  • Coarse fiber: raw vegetables, bran
  • Coffee, soda, alcohol
  • Fresh bread, baked goods

Diet

5-6 meals in small portions. The food is warm (not lower than 15 °C and not higher than 60 °C). In the acute period - table 1a/1b according to Pevzner, then expansion as prescribed by the doctor.

High cholesterol

The diet helps reduce “bad” cholesterol (LDL) and increase “good” cholesterol (HDL), protecting the heart and blood vessels. The effect is enhanced when combined with physical activity and smoking cessation.

Protocol Goals

  • Reducing LDL to the target level (depending on the risk on the SCORE scale)
  • Limit saturated fat (<10% calories) and avoid trans fats
  • Increasing the proportion of fiber and omega-3 in the diet

Recommended

  • Fatty fish: salmon, mackerel, sardines (Omega-3)
  • Nuts: walnuts, almonds (in moderation)
  • Extra virgin olive oil
  • Soluble fiber: oats, legumes, apples
  • Avocado, soy

Limit or exclude

  • Trans fats: margarine, confectionery
  • Saturated fats: fatty meats, butter, lard
  • By-products: liver, kidneys
  • Convenience foods and fast food

Diet

Regular meals. 2-3 servings of oily fish per week. Daily: vegetables, fruits, whole grains; nuts - a handful per day (without excess calories).

Gout

The goal of the diet is to reduce the level of uric acid in the blood and prevent attacks of joint pain. Limit purines and fructose, increase consumption of water and low-fat dairy products.

Protocol Goals

  • Target blood uric acid level (often <360 µmol/L)
  • Reduced frequency and severity of attacks
  • Weight control (obesity increases the risk of gout)

Recommended

  • Lots of water: 2-3 liters per day
  • Low-fat dairy products
  • Eggs, vegetables, fruits (except prohibited ones)
  • Whole grain cereals
  • Cherries (proven to reduce uric acid levels)

Limit or exclude

  • By-products: liver, kidneys, brains
  • Red meat in large quantities
  • Seafood: anchovies, sardines, mussels
  • Alcohol, especially beer
  • Sweet drinks with fructose

Diet

Sufficient drinking regimen (2–3 liters per day in the absence of contraindications). Limiting purine foods; tea/coffee - between meals. In case of exacerbation - stricter restrictions as prescribed by the doctor.

Iron deficiency anemia

The diet is aimed at replenishing iron reserves and improving its absorption. When anemia is established, iron supplements are usually prescribed; nutrition supports therapy and relapse prevention.

Protocol Goals

  • Replenishment of iron reserves (ferritin, serum iron, TBI)
  • Normalization of hemoglobin and red blood cells
  • Elimination of the cause of deficiency (blood loss, lack of nutrition)

Recommended

  • Red meat: beef, liver (best source of heme iron)
  • Legumes: lentils, chickpeas, beans
  • Dark greens: spinach, broccoli
  • Foods with vitamin C: citrus fruits, bell peppers (improves iron absorption)
  • Buckwheat, pomegranate, apples

Limit simultaneously with iron

  • Tea and coffee with meals (tannins interfere with iron absorption)
  • Calcium in large doses along with iron
  • Phytates (soak grains and legumes before cooking)

Diet

Heme iron (meat, liver) is absorbed better; combine with foods rich in vitamin C. Tea and coffee - no earlier than 1–1.5 hours after meals. Soaking legumes and grains reduces phytate content.

Chronic kidney disease

The diet reduces the load on the kidneys and helps control the levels of potassium, phosphorus and sodium in the blood. The scope of restrictions depends on the stage of CKD (according to GFR) and test results - the plan is drawn up individually.

Protocol Goals

  • Slowing the progression of CKD, controlling potassium and phosphorus
  • Protein restriction if necessary (by stage and purpose)
  • Control of blood pressure and edema (salt, fluid)

Recommended

  • Protein restriction (as recommended by a doctor)
  • Egg whites, lean poultry in moderation
  • Apples, berries, cabbage (low potassium foods)
  • Fluid control (as prescribed by a doctor)

Limit or exclude

  • Foods high in potassium: bananas, potatoes, tomatoes
  • Products high in phosphorus: milk, nuts
  • Salt and salty foods
  • Semi-finished products with additives

Diet

Protein, potassium, phosphorus and liquid - strictly as prescribed by the nephrologist/nutritionist. Table 7 or its variants (7a, 7b) are often recommended. Regular monitoring of analyzes is mandatory.

Celiac disease and gluten-free diet

For celiac disease, the only treatment is a lifelong gluten-free diet. Gluten damages the lining of the small intestine, leading to malabsorption and deficiencies.

Protocol Goals

  • Healing of the intestinal mucosa, normalization of absorption
  • Elimination of all sources of gluten (wheat, rye, barley and derivatives)
  • Prevention of deficiencies (iron, B vitamins, calcium)

Allowed

  • Rice, buckwheat, corn, quinoa, amaranth, millet
  • Potatoes, legumes, vegetables, fruits, meat, fish, eggs
  • Labeled gluten-free products (watch out for cross-contamination)

Exclude

  • Wheat, rye, barley, oats (unless certified gluten-free)
  • Bread, pasta, baked goods made from prohibited grains
  • Sauces, sausages, canned food with added flour/gluten

Diet

Strict label reading, separate utensils and high sensitivity cooking area. Monitoring by a gastroenterologist and, if necessary, a repeat biopsy.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Nutrition for IBS is aimed at reducing bloating, pain and bowel irregularities. A low-FODMAP diet (temporary restriction of fermentable carbohydrates) is often used under the supervision of a specialist.

Protocol Goals

  • Reduction of symptoms: pain, bloating, diarrhea/constipation
  • Identifying individual triggers (food diary)
  • Regular diet and adequate fiber intake as tolerated

Often well tolerated

  • Rice, oats, gluten-free bread; banana, blueberry, kiwi, orange
  • Cucumbers, carrots, spinach, zucchini; lean meat, fish, eggs
  • Small meals, chewing thoroughly

Often worsens symptoms

  • Onions, garlic, legumes, cabbage in large quantities
  • Milk (if lactose intolerant), soft cheeses
  • Apples, pears, honey, sweeteners (sorbitol, xylitol) in excess

Diet

Low-FODMAP is carried out in stages (exclusion - then gradual introduction of products) only under the guidance of a nutritionist. Long-term FODMAP restriction is not recommended without supervision.

Obesity and weight loss

A moderate calorie deficit combined with a complete diet and physical activity is the basis for sustainable weight loss without harm to health.

Protocol Goals

  • Gradual weight loss by 5–10% of the initial weight (improved metabolism)
  • Preservation of muscle mass, sufficient protein and vitamins
  • Formation of sustainable eating habits

Recommended

  • Vegetables and fruits - the basis of portion sizes, fiber
  • Lean protein: poultry, fish, legumes, eggs
  • Whole grains, healthy fats in moderation
  • Regular meals, portion control

Limit or exclude

  • Sugary drinks, fast food, excess simple carbohydrates
  • Alcohol (calories and appetite stimulation)
  • Strict mono-diets and fasting without medical supervision

Diet

A deficit of 300–500 kcal/day for a gentle reduction. 3 main meals + 1-2 snacks. Keeping a food diary increases efficiency.

Liver diseases (fatty hepatosis, chronic hepatitis)

The diet reduces the load on the liver, helps reduce fatty infiltration and maintain organ function. Avoid alcohol, limit fats and fried foods.

Protocol Goals

  • Reducing the load on the liver, normalizing liver tests
  • With fatty hepatosis - weight loss and insulin resistance
  • Elimination of hepatotoxic factors (alcohol, excess medications)

Recommended

  • Boiled, baked, steamed dishes; lean meat and fish
  • Vegetables, cereals, non-acidic fruits; low-fat cottage cheese
  • Vegetable oils in moderation; sufficient protein

Limit or exclude

  • Alcohol completely
  • Fried, smoked, fatty meat, lard
  • Spicy seasonings, marinades, rich broths

Diet

Table 5 according to Pevzner (or 5a during exacerbation). Small meals 5-6 times a day. The amount of fat and protein is as prescribed by the doctor.

Pancreatitis (acute and chronic)

Nutrition is aimed at maximally sparing the pancreas: minimum fat, exclusion of alcohol and secretion stimulants.

Protocol Goals

  • Reducing pain and inflammation, preventing exacerbations
  • Fat restriction (often 40–60 g/day if chronic)
  • Avoiding alcohol and overeating

Recommended

  • Steamed and boiled dishes; pureed soups, porridges
  • Lean meat, fish, protein omelettes; low-fat cottage cheese
  • Boiled/baked vegetables; sweet fruit without skin

Limit or exclude

  • Alcohol, fatty, fried, smoked
  • Rich broths, mayonnaise, sour cream, cream
  • Fresh bread, muffins, legumes, cabbage, radishes

Diet

In the acute phase - hunger as prescribed, then table 5p. 5-6 times fractionally, small portions. The temperature of the food is warm.

Gallstone disease and cholecystitis

The diet reduces the load on the gallbladder and liver and reduces the risk of colic. Regular split meals stimulate the flow of bile.

Protocol Goals

  • Preventing attacks of biliary colic
  • Limiting fats, especially refractory ones
  • Regular outflow of bile due to diet

Recommended

  • Lean meat, fish, poultry; low fat dairy products
  • Vegetables, cereals, fruits; vegetable oil for ready meals
  • Warm food, steamed, boiled, baked

Limit or exclude

  • Fatty meat, lard, fried, smoked
  • Cream, sour cream, fatty cheeses; egg yolk - limited
  • Alcohol, cold foods and drinks (duct spasm)

Diet

Table 5. Eating every 3–4 hours, in small portions. Avoid long breaks and overeating.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Nutrition reduces the reflux of acidic contents into the esophagus: exclude provocateurs, reduce the size of portions and do not eat before bed.

Protocol Goals

  • Reducing heartburn and regurgitation
  • Reducing acidity and volume of gastric contents
  • Normalization of excess weight (pressure on the stomach)

Recommended

  • Lean meat and fish, cereals, non-acidic vegetables, banana, melon
  • Ginger tea, oatmeal; last dose 2–3 hours before bedtime
  • Eat slowly, don't lie down after eating

Limit or exclude

  • Citrus fruits, tomatoes, onions, garlic, chocolate, mint
  • Fatty, fried, coffee, soda, alcohol
  • Large portions and overeating

Diet

5-6 doses in small portions. Head higher than feet during sleep (raise the head of the head). Do not bend over or exercise immediately after eating.

Hypothyroidism (low thyroid function)

With hypothyroidism, metabolism is often slow and there is a tendency to gain weight. Nutrition supports levothyroxine therapy and provides normal iodine and selenium.

Protocol Goals

  • Sufficient intake of iodine (in the absence of contraindications) and selenium
  • Weight control during replacement therapy
  • Regular intake of the drug on an empty stomach, separately from food and calcium

Recommended

  • Iodized salt is normal; sea ​​fish, seafood (if there are no restrictions)
  • Brazil nuts (selenium), eggs, dairy products
  • Vegetables, whole grains, adequate protein; controlling calories during weight gain

Limit or take into account

  • Take levothyroxine without food: 30–60 minutes before breakfast, do not wash it down with coffee/milk
  • Excess soy may affect hormone absorption - discuss with your doctor
  • Cruciferous vegetables in very large quantities (raw cabbage) - in moderation

Diet

Regular meals; if you are overweight, have a moderate calorie deficit. Take the drug strictly according to the doctor’s regimen.

Chronic constipation

Increasing fiber, fluid and physical activity promotes regular bowel movements. For constipation-predominant IBS, the approach may be different.

Protocol Goals

  • Regular bowel movements without straining
  • Increasing the volume and softening of intestinal contents
  • Formation of the reflex (toilet mode)

Recommended

  • Fiber: vegetables, fruits with peel, whole grains, bran (as tolerated)
  • Prunes, figs, kiwi; sufficient fluid 1.5–2 liters per day
  • Kefir, fermented milk products; vegetable oil for salads

Limit

  • Excess refined foods, white bread, little fluid
  • Abusing laxatives without a doctor's prescription

Diet

Regular meals, breakfast with fiber. A glass of water in the morning on an empty stomach; physical activity daily.

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